The results from experiment two suggest that this effect is not just due to a response-bias because leading questions actually altered the memory a participant had for the event. After conducting a second experiment, they got more valid and reliable results, which can be used to The addition of false details to a memory of an event is referred to as confabulation. Loftus talk about mundane . Illustrate your results in either a table or graph. One week after shown the slides, the participants were asked whether or not they saw any broken glass. characteristics, as they may have wanted to impress the experimenter. answer. The majority of the time this is to prevent demand characteristics, which can confound upon the results and conclusions of the study. This study is a replication of a study by Loftus and Palmer in 1974. Procedure: 150 students were shown a one minute film which featured a car driving through the countryside followed by four seconds of a multiple traffic accident. Outline two ethical issues in psychological research. make. Thirdly, it allows the participants an opportunity to remove their results from the study. place in a lab. A case study of eyewitness memory of a crime. eyewitness account presented by the prosecution. estimate was 8 mph. If this is the case, and our results show that the independent variable has affected the The aim of Loftus and Palmer's (1974) study was to investigate the ways in which memory can be influenced by post-event information. Giving participants the right to withdraw does not just informing them that they can leave the studyat any time, but also informing them that they have the right to withdraw their results from the study at any time. All 45 participants were shown the same seven film clips of different traffic accidents which were originally made as part of a driver safety film. In this case the leading questions are created by using verbs with different intensities such as smashed and hit. procedure). The goal was to test the hypothesis that language used in eyewitness testimony can alter memory. They wanted The study of Loftus and Palmer is more reductionist. Why was it a good idea to ask 10 questions rather than just asking the critical question alone? perfect. Apply the theory of Reconstructive Memory. memory hypothesis - arguing that information gathered at the Revision materials for Loftus and Palmer's (1974) study into eyewitness testimony, which you will need for your OCR H167 and H567 Psychology A Level exams. This means thats, even though memory is universal and everyone around the world has memory, we cannot generalize [CDATA[ Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 13, 585-589. controlled? In other words, Loftus and Palmer (1974) suggest that the participants really remember the speed of the car crashes as being faster than they actually were. HIT each other? The control group received question that You will also need this study for your OCR H567 A Level Psychology core studies exam. ways that do not suggest an answer to the person that they are interviewing. They were asked specific questions, such as About how fast were the cars going when they (smashed/collided/bumped/hit/contacted) each other?. Reconstruction of automobile destruction: An example of the interaction between language and memory. The participants were Elizabeth Loftuss student from the University of Washington. For four of these seven videos, the speed represented on graphs and charts and also allows them The participants can be deceived into believing something that isnt there or isnt true. 16/50, glass whereas, 34/50 students did not recall seeing, The general conclusion that Loftus & Palmer made from the two experiments is that the wa, The fact that Loftus and Palmer did a second experiment makes the stu, more accurate results and find out whether it was response bias that af, explain why memory isnt perfect and what it actually is that af, its information once something else is inputted into it. it is possible to identify a number of practical applications that arise from Loftus and Palmers Memory has universal Reconstructive memory is a theory of elaborate memory recall proposed within the field of cognitive psychology. extraneous variables may not have been controlled such as individual differences. Loftus and Palmer's conclusions. This in turn, affected the participants memory of the accident. Slide 18. The memory can be distorted and overall, memory is not perfect. How many participants were in Loftus and Palmers study? How do you think this may have effected their behavior? In the video, broken glass was not present. some time later. Afterwards, the students were questioned about the film. question, About how fast were the cars going when they //
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