Shackleton and his small crew then made the first crossing of the island to seek aid. On the return journey, Shackleton had by his own admission "broken down" and could no longer carry out his share of the work.[32]. [15], The British National Antarctic Expedition, known as the Discovery expedition after the ship Discovery, was the brainchild of Sir Clements Markham, president of the Royal Geographical Society, and had been many years in preparation. [70] He had been in discussions with Douglas Mawson about a scientific expedition to the Antarctic coast between Cape Adare and Gaussberg, and had written to the RGS about this in February 1910. For that reason, he was. [33], After a period of convalescence in New Zealand, Shackleton returned to England via San Francisco and New York. Although the expedition failed, it would be remembered by generations as the greatest feat of survival in the history of exploration. The three men all suffered at times from snow blindness, frostbite and, ultimately, scurvy. He was one of the principal figures of the period known as the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. [116], Shackleton was specially appointed a temporary major on 22 July 1918. This group, despite many hardships, had carried out its depot-laying mission to the full, but three lives had been lost, including that of its commander, Aeneas Mackintosh.[111]. What did Shackleton feed his dogs? But when ice trapped his ship Endurance, his mission instantly changed from exploration to pure survival. Upon his death, he was lauded in the press but was thereafter largely forgotten, while the heroic reputation of his rival Scott was sustained for many decades. When spring arrived in September, the breaking of the ice and its later movements put extreme pressures on the ship's hull. [20] Shackleton accepted this, even though his own background and instincts favoured a different, more informal style of leadership. [8] The young Shackleton did not particularly distinguish himself as a scholar, and was said to be "bored" by his studies. An Anglo-Irish adventurer, he became a pivotal figure in the era later characterised as the "Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration", thanks to the laudable and ambitious . Robert Falcon Scotts British National Antarctic (Discovery) Expedition (190104) as third lieutenant and took part, with Scott and Edward Wilson, in the sledge journey over the Ross Ice Shelf when latitude 821633 S was reached. An extended search for an anchorage at King Edward VII Land proved equally fruitless, so Shackleton was forced to break his undertaking to Scott and set sail for McMurdo Sound, a decision which, according to second officer Arthur Harbord, was "dictated by common sense" in view of the difficulties of ice pressure, coal shortage and the lack of any nearer known base. The attempt this week to find Sir Ernest Shackleton's missing ship, the Endurance, has ended - without success. [120] Shackleton returned to England in early March 1919, full of plans for the economic development of Northern Russia. [153] Shackleton is considered a saint by the God's Gardeners, a fictional religious sect that is the focus of Margaret Atwood's 2009 novel The Year of the Flood.[154]. [51] Nimrod arrived at McMurdo Sound on 29 January, but was stopped by ice 16 miles (26km) north of Discovery's old base at Hut Point. His health suffered, and he was removed from duty and sent home on the supply ship Morning in March 1903. He was a key figure of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. Shackleton refused to pack supplies for more than four weeks, knowing that if they did not reach South Georgia within that time, the boat and its crew would be lost. He was planning to cross it. A sledging party, led by Shackleton, reached within 97 nautical miles (112 statute miles or 180 km) of the South Pole, and another, under T.W. The astonishing challenge - to cross Antarctica from one coast to the other - didn't exactly go to plan and actually resulted in . In January 1908 he returned to Antarctica as leader of the British Antarctic (Nimrod) Expedition (190709). Who were the first people to go to. He also socialised with his crew members every evening after dinner, leading sing-alongs, jokes, and games. By early 1912, the world was aware that the pole had been conquered, by the Norwegian Roald Amundsen. After landing, Shackleton took part in an experimental balloon flight on 4 February. Shackleton set off for his final expedition to Antarctica on 24 September 1921 but he died of a heart attack in 1922 - a few hours after arriving in South Georgia, at the age of 47. After sea . Copy. [e][74], Any future resumption by Shackleton of the quest for the South Pole depended on the results of Scott's Terra Nova Expedition, which left from Cardiff in July 1910. March 05, 2020. In response to his posted ad, Shackleton was supposedly flooded with 5000 responses, men clamoring to take their chances on the icy southern continent. Although it is likely that Norwegian whalers had previously crossed at other points on ski, no one had attempted this particular route before. Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton CVO OBE FRGS FRSGS (15 February 1874 5 January 1922) was an Anglo-Irish Antarctic explorer who led three British expeditions to the Antarctic. Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton attended Dulwich College from 1887 until 1890. Other crew included James, Hussey, Greenstreet, a carpenter Harry McNish, and a biologist named Clark. Under treacherous conditions, Shackleton's perilous journey and the subsequent rescue of all his men remains one of the most heroic stories of all time. [9], From early childhood, Shackleton was a voracious reader, a pursuit which sparked a passion for adventure. They did whatever they could. Consequently, Shackleton decided to risk an open-boat journey to the 720-nautical-mile-distant South Georgia whaling stations, where he knew help was available. Shackleton suffered frostbitten fingers as a result. [156] Asteroid 289586 Shackleton, discovered by Swiss amateur astronomer Michel Ory in 2005, was named in his memory. For these achievements, Shackleton was knighted by King Edward VII on his return home. Shackleton's mind turned to a project that had been announced, and then abandoned, by the British explorer William Speirs Bruce, for a continental crossing, from a landing in the Weddell Sea, via the South Pole to McMurdo Sound. [7], In 1880, when Ernest was six, Henry Shackleton gave up his life as a landowner to study medicine at Trinity College, Dublin (TCD), moving his family to the city. Corrections? [147] Other management writers soon followed this lead, using Shackleton as an exemplar for bringing order from chaos. The great polar explorer Sir Ernest Shackleton never achieved his goal of traversing the continent of Antarctica, but is remembered these days for something more extraordinary. October 27th 1915 - The Endurance is badly damaged by the pressure of ice acting upon her and leaking, Shackleton orders her to be abandoned, stores and equipment are taken onto the sea-ice and a camp established. At his wife's request, he was buried there. Meanwhile, a second ship, the Aurora, would take a supporting party under Captain Aeneas Mackintosh to McMurdo Sound on the opposite side of the continent. [51], It was noted that ice conditions were unstable, precluding the establishment of a safe base there. [48], On 1 January 1908, the Nimrod set off on the British Antarctic Expedition from Lyttelton Harbour, New Zealand. After a medical examination (which proved inconclusive),[34] Scott decided to send Shackleton home on the relief ship Morning, which had arrived in McMurdo Sound in January 1903. [13] In August 1894, he passed his examination for second mate and accepted a post as third officer on a tramp steamer of the Welsh Shire Line. [46] Before leaving England, he had been pressured to give an undertaking to Scott that he would not base himself in the McMurdo area, which Scott was claiming as his own field of work. [143] This negative picture of Scott became accepted as the popular truth[144] as the kind of heroism that Scott represented fell victim to the cultural shifts of the late twentieth century. Ernest H. Shackleton 1874-1922. Shackleton and five others sailed 800 miles (1,300 km) to South Georgia in a whale boat, a 16-day journey across a stretch of dangerous ocean, before landing on the southern side of South Georgia. Born on February 15, 1874 - Sir Ernest Shackleton was an Anglo-Irish explorer who led a total of three voyages to Antarctica. For the next two years, he kept his crew of 27 men . Ward-room caterer. [12] His father was able to secure him a berth with the North Western Shipping Company, aboard the square-rigged sailing ship Hoghton Tower. [77] Two ships would be employed; Endurance would carry the main party into the Weddell Sea, aiming for Vahsel Bay from where a team of six, led by Shackleton, would begin the crossing of the continent. [8] Four years later, the family moved again, from Ireland to Sydenham in suburban London. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Shackleton then worked hard to persuade others of his wealthy friends and acquaintances to contribute, including Sir Philip Lee Brocklehurst, who subscribed 2,000 (approximately equivalent to 212,000 in 2019) to secure a place on the expedition;[46] author Campbell Mackellar; and Guinness baron Lord Iveagh, whose contribution was secured less than two weeks before the departure of the expedition ship Nimrod. [129], Macklin, who conducted the postmortem, concluded that the cause of death was atheroma of the coronary arteries exacerbated by "overstrain during a period of debility". The founder of the family was Abraham Shackleton, a Quaker, who moved to Ireland early in the eighteenth century and started a school at Ballitore, near Dublin. Shackleton led four expeditions to the Antarctic during his life. [60] Several mostly intact cases of whisky and brandy left behind in 1909 were recovered in 2010, for analysis by a distilling company. [115] He returned home in April 1918. [25], According to steward Clarence Hare, he was "the most popular of the officers among the crew, being a good mixer",[26] though claims that this represented an unofficial rival leadership to Scott's are unsupported. 350,000), not through an outright gift. Sir Ernest Shackleton's towering ambition and eagerness to explore the unknown led him to undertake the boldest adventure of his life, the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition. See answer (1) Best Answer. (, The distance from the Pole is commonly given as 97 or 98 miles, this being the distance in nautical miles. Devoted to creating a legacy, he led the Trans-Antarctic. Ernest Shackleton was a well-known Irish and British explorer during the first two decades of the twentieth century. They sailed from London on Friday, August 1, 1914, and anchored off Southend all Saturday. Sir Ernest Shackleton had his first taste of polar exploration when he travelled with Robert Falcon Scott to the Antarctic in 1901. After the darkness of the Antarctic winter, the return of the sun was a major event in 1915 . Alternate titles: Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton. Shackleton immediately sent a boat to pick up the three men from the other side of South Georgia while he set to work to organise the rescue of the Elephant Island men. For other uses, see, Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 19141917, Modern calculations, based on Shackleton's photograph and Wilson's drawing, place the furthest point reached at 8211'. Instead, he is a hero, the leader who saved his men on one of the most horrific voyages of exploration of the 20th century. Unqualified as a diplomat, he was unsuccessful in persuading Argentina and Chile to enter the war on the Allied side. 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