Use them to determine your . You should have received a floor plan and boundary survey when you bought your house. You can file an appeal against your Dekalb County tax assessment once the Annual assessment notices have been mailed in the later part of May, and you have 45 days to appeal . The firm, in business since 1974, specializes in real estate appraisals, research, and state and federal tax reduction services nationwide. So that means if you have a remote meeting scheduled, you have to make sure to submit the evidence to them no later than 3 days before the scheduled meeting? 1. Details can be tricky. It will give a list of comparable properties with basic information about them. A reduction in your assessment right before you put your house on the market could hurt the sale price. The State Board holds a hearing with the property owner, or the person/entity responsible for paying the property taxes, and the County Assessor and issues a written decision about the property's value. Make a list of all discrepancies. Every discrepancy and deficiency in your property tax assessment, listed as separate line items for instance, I do not have a second-floor half-bathroom as indicated, Estimated values for each discrepancy, listed next to the item description, Invisible issues with your home and property, such as foundation and roof problems, with estimated dollar values for each, Neighborhood environmental and quality-of-life issues that negatively affect your property value, with estimated dollar values for each, A tally of total negative impacts from all of the above. Compare these estimates to generally accepted value-adds for such projects, noting any major discrepancies. When I did this, I put together a packet of material for me, each of the representatives,and the HCAD employee. In jurisdictions where initial appeals dont warrant in-person hearings, follow-up appeals generally do. You're saving it. "Every picture that you have that can make it look in a negative light is valuable to me," Ola said. Under no circumstances should you complain about the tax burden to the informal appraiser or to the ARB panel. What would you do with a property tax windfall? Even appeal hearings for $10,000,000 commercial properties only last 15 to 30 minutes. The basis for the problem is the appraisal district controls the ARB. Appraisal Review Board Protests. Pay attention to deadlines and procedures. Property tax appeals are an iterative process. Some years we get an easy appraiser at the informal; some years someone who is impossible to settle with. Follow Barbara on Googe+. Don't build or make changes to your curbside just before an assessment as these steps may increase your value. Double-check yourself with these tax rules affecting homeowners. Step 2: Decide If a Property Tax Appeal Is Worth Your Time. 210-226-0829, (By appointment only) What to expect from the informal appraisal hearing? Such follow-ups can include requests to schedule an in-person consultation sometimes known as an open book meeting or a home inspection by a city or county assessor. ($100,750/100) x $0.7090 = $714.32. Avoid generalizations. Realtor.com, Copyright 2023 National Association of Realtors, How to Move Past Student Debt and Into a Home, How to Check for Flood Risk During Home Buying, Coronavirus Mortgage Relief: What You Need To Know, The Everything Guide to Selling Your First Home, 7 Home Improvement Ideas That Stretch Your Dollars the Most, The Property Tax Appeal Process Explained, How Long to Keep Tax Records and More: A Checklist, Buying A Home? 713-686-9955, (By appointment only) Here is the HCAD websitelink. Of course, higher values mean higher taxes. There is also an HCAD employee who represents HCAD that argues against your point view. If you want a remote informal hearing and then formal ARB hearing if that is necessary, instead of an in-person hearing, you have to call them. Remember, this tip only applies to regular "arm's length" sales, not homes purchased through family or foreclosure. Here are some key terms you'll find on the site: No-new-revenue tax rate (NNR): The NNR tax rate is the rate the taxing unit needs to generate about the same amount of revenue they received in the previous year if the rate was applied to the same amount of properties in both years.If property values rise, the NNR tax rate will go down and vice versa. Collections vary widely from state to state. I am certain they know what you think about the rising taxes. Ola, the president of Ola Tax, makes a living off protesting property taxes. Suite 200 Houston, TX 77018 If you think youre going to stick around for a while, put your savings to work elsewhere, perhaps in a tax-advantaged retirement account. Would love your thoughts, please comment. Today, I received a notice showing the meeting date with an appraiser at the beginning of July. Such evidence could include: Blueprints, engineering reports, photos, receipts or estimates for repairs, deed records, or sales price documentation. While we do our best to keep these updated, numbers stated on this site may differ from actual numbers. "You never know.". They just want to do their job, get paid, get off work, maybe go to Applebees, get some beers. Above all else, preparation is key to winning over the review board, according to Bobby Ola. "If I never protested or didn't come in, I'd be spending another thousand, couple thousand more on taxes," Jennifer Hemenway said. Limited Binding Arbitration. Dont assume your assessor will get it unless you spell it out. 972-243-9966, (By appointment only) COVID-19 Property Tax Protest Update (UPDATE April 2, 2020: The tax appeal process discussed below does not assume a COVID-19 global pandemic. Step 3: Get Your Stuff Together. Even if the assessments are similar, if you can show that the comparable properties are superior to yours, you may have a case for relief based on equity. Review the assessing authoritys value-add estimates for each project. Closing. In Harris County, there are three ways to protest. And theres a good chance your property tax bill is the work of two or more overlapping tax authorities. For me, though Iasked to use i-Settle in the past, Ive always received this email back after they considered it: Thank you for signing up for ouriSettleprogram. Jeff Taylor convinced the board to drop to his value by $400,000 simply by proving his unfinished home is still under construction. How you prepare will depend on what exactly you are preparing for. This section had many clear color pictures of problems withthe house. Be persistent and you will have a value in the lower work quartile of the range of value! The deadline for filing a property tax return can range anywhere from 30 to 120 days; be sure that your appeal of the tax assessment is filed within this time frame. The good news: No matter where you live or how much you pay, youre always entitled to appeal your property tax assessment. Its been my experience that the properties that their computerized system used to compare to mine werent terribly similar. Examples include: Document these issues with photos and maintenance records. Single-family home owners in the U.S. paid state and local governments an average property tax of $3,719 in 2020, according to ATTOM Data Solutions, curator of a nationwide database. However, it does resolve the issue in a timely manner. Follow the instructions or seek some help with our property tax consultant experts. Wide gaps between their sale prices and your assessed value are red flags that warrant further investigation. 2023 CBS Broadcasting Inc. All Rights Reserved. A low local success rate isnt necessarily a deal breaker, but youd be wise to take it under advisement. The Tarrant County Appraisal district delivered blue notices with a deadline of May 15. Tip: A formal appraisal by a certified third-party real estate appraiser can dramatically shift the balance of evidence in your favor. If your taxes are not reduced you PAY NOTHING, and a portion of the tax savings is the only fee you pay when your taxes are reduced. They say that the time and effort to formulate a protest and attend a hearing (this year by phone because of coronavirus) is valued at $226. Depending on the luck of the draw, the appraiser chosen to meet with you at the informal hearing may either be generous or stingy in his settlement negotiation. Property description (address any errors in the description of your property after the appraiser reads their description of your property) 4. The deadline to protest this year's appraisal is May 15, (earlier if filing online). Then I flipped through the packet of materials, using it as a visual aid to discuss with the ARB panel. If you don't agree with the board's decision following your protest, you can appeal again. 5. The content on Money Crashers is for informational and educational purposes only and should not be construed as professional financial advice. Your Taxes Could Rise After an Assessment, 4. When your new assessment comes in the mail, itll list information about your property, such as lot size or a legal description, as well as the assessed value of your house and land. The Ones For Justice shares tips on the appeals process in this episode of Behind the Lens. ask for you to add any practical, helpful advice that you have in the comments below. APPRAISERS WILL LIKELY MATCH YOUR SALE PRICE. Make a list or table of all issues and their dollar values. Houston Criminal Defense Lawyer Bill Stradley | Stradley Law Firm, April 2, 2020 by Steph Stradley 42 Comments. 4. Heres the scoop on whats tax deductible when buying a house. If the IRS has already . If you dont feel confident doing this in front of someone who decides such matters for a living, consider retaining an attorney. The bad news: Youll need to go to court. Those offices are currently closed to the public. Ones who have a lot of control. One year, the detailed info that I brought to the appraiser demonstrated that some of the information they had in their computer about my home was inaccurate, and he changed it in their system. Next, listen to the rebuttal presentation by the appraisal district appraiser and make notes and determine how to respond. If not, check the local government website or call the assessor. 6. Among other things, we may receive free products, services, and/or monetary compensation in exchange for featured placement of sponsored products or services. The law has two main thrusts: and enhancement of an individual property owner's rights when objecting to and appealing an increase made by a county board of tax assessors to the value of the owner's property. Effective September 1, 2005, the Texas Legislature amended the Texas Property Tax Code to allow property owners the option of appealing an ARB decision for a property with a value of $1 million or less using binding arbitration. Over time, this discrepancy has an unintended negative effect. In order to calculate your tax bill, your net assessed value is multiplied by your local tax rate of $0.7090. Barbara Eisner Bayer has written about finance for Motley Fool, Daily Plan-It, and Nurse Village, and is the former Managing Editor of Mortgageloan.com and Credit-land.com. You may have to pay a modest filing fee. (UPDATE July 18, 2016: Commenters/emailers have been asking where to find that info. They resolve disputes between property owners and county appraisers. You generally have fewer than 30 days to do so, though each taxing authority sets its own timeline. Filing fees alone are about $300. When you submit your enrollment, you understand this is a risk free offer to you. That assessed value is used to calculate how much tax you owe. The topic of written affidavits and telephone conference calls is beyond the scope of this article, so I won't get into them here. POTTSTOWN - Property taxes and education funding - two inseparable subjects of debate in Pennsylvania for more than a decade - were front and center when the House Democratic Poli For example, some states, like Texas, dont levy state property taxes; only their local government entities do (and sometimes more than one local government entity). To complete your self-assessment, youll need to supply detailed information about your property, including: You can find most of this information in your municipal or county property records and on reputable real estate websites like Zillow. For instance, youll want to highlight why you believe your home has been overvalued relative to its comps and by how much. This is especially likely in high-tax, high-cost states like New Jersey, where a $600,000 home with an effective 4% property tax rate carries a $24,000 annual tax burden. Homestead exemptions and credits are low-hanging fruit. Although most property owners are successful in ARB hearings, there are serious and material problems with the ARB process in Texas. School districts are primarily financed through property taxes. If you don't receive your enrollment documents within 24 business hours, call 713.290.9700 8am - 5pm CST. You can see this year's value of a sample property in the shaded area below. To do that, I looked both online with the information contained there, but also went to those properties and took pictures. program. Limited Binding Arbitration. Youll want to: In writing, briefly summarize each items importance. Go back 12 to 24 months. You have to log-in and click around a bit to find this information. Look beyond recent sales to comparable homes that have been in the same hands for a while. I have provided details on why my home is overassessed below. The counties also use computer-assisted mass appraisal systems to apply current market data to annual assessments. But if you are going to schedule a remote meeting, I would try to find this out for sure). Get them to want to help you. As long as you dont ask for information directly pertinent to your case, theyll likely share their figures. The letter should summarize: Submit the form by the due date, usually 30 to 90 days following your proposed tax notification. You have it. If so, your home would be taxed at a higher rate. One homeowner documented the damage in his home by using newspapers as a time stamp. Unfortunately, after reviewing the information we have available, we cannot propose an online settlement for your 2012 protest. How about the size of the lot? The steps of the hearing process for the typical county are delineated below. Likely from bat-bleep crazy people who said it in bat-bleep crazy ways. Act as though the appraiser is your friend and not an enemy. Find the Most Recent Comps. "Some sheetrock damage inside," her husband, Larry Morgan, added. Ghost features in the public record, like a half-bath that doesnt actually exist, can artificially inflate your homes assessed value. Above all else, preparation is key to winning over the review board, according to Bobby Ola. Pat is active in publishing analyses and data with respect to the real estate market, while being a highly regarded media spokesperson for the real estate community. Your proposed property tax notification will include an appeal deadline, which can be as little as 30 to 45 days after you receive the notification but may be longer. Other options available include sending the form by email to protest@bcad.org, by fax to 210-242-2454 or mail: P.O. If you had an ARB hearing for your property tax appeal, you have the following options: 1) Accept the value as final for the year, 2) Request binding arbitration if the assessed value after the hearing is equal to or less than $1 million and the only issue is market value, 3) File a judicial appeal regarding either unequal appraisal and/or market value, and/or 4) File a suit utilizing Texas Property Tax Code 41.45f if the ARB hearing was not legitimate. On the list of things that you might forget, this can be an expensive one. You May Inadvertently Exacerbate Income Inequality & Housing Insecurity, 5. Appealing your property tax assessment costs little to nothing out of pocket. The taxpayer and the Department will each have an opportunity present the case to the hearing officer. It has all your information already listed on the form; 2. Even with legal assistance, the appeals process can be time-consuming and tedious. ARB Reaches a Decision. One way to lower your property tax is to show that your home is worth less than its assessed value. 2019 CBS Broadcasting Inc. All Rights Reserved. This is obvious but is a pain to do every year to say the same thing to get the same result. Plus, the appeals processes can vary depending on whether the local area or state generated the tax. Every hearing is different, but many homeowners share the same advice when it comes to keeping property taxes low. Patrick OConnor is frequently acknowledged by national publications as a respected source of information on real estate. People who wish to lower their appraised value can appeal to their appraisal district's review board. I always end up forgetting where I found it the last time and have to look for it. Aside from filing on time, your appeal must include the proper filing fee. A PUBLIC HEARING ON THE PROPOSED TAX RATE WILL BE HELD ON THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 9, 2021 AT 5:00 p.m. at the Austin City Hall, 301 W. iFile: You can file a protest online at the appraisal district's . This isnt a mere courtesy some assessing authorities wont accept appeals without screening appellants first. Formal Hearing. You can find her professional biography here. Its a confusing time, but lenders are putting remedies, like forbearance, in place to help homeowners. Schedule and complete an in-person appraisal. #1: BOUGHT IN THE LAST YEAR? Both the informal appraisal hearing and the Appraisal Review Board are usually things that happen in person at the Harris County Appraisal District. That isnt the case everywhere, though. 2. 3) written affidavit. Looking to buy or sell a home? When they know, they will let us know. Wealthier neighborhoods become underassessed, while poorer neighborhoods become overassessed. 6. At one meeting I had with an appraiser, he told me that the most that they have authority to reduce with homeowners is $100,000. In most cases, the absolute worst-case outcome of a property tax appeal is the nominal financial loss of your filing fee and possibly an appraisal fee, plus a few wasted hours. And its retroactive, potentially for multiple years. How to protest your property taxes. Present your proposed appraisal value, then explain how you reached that number. Your property taxes will be aggressively protested every year by the #1 property tax firm in the country. Theres a big difference between 0.3 acres and 3.0 acres. But as of January 1, when the home was appraised, the structure was only 40 percent completed. If its possible the appeal could result in a higher tax bill, conduct an online assessment, if available, before formally appealing. Judicial appeals are an effective and essential tool in appealing property taxes. The HCAD employee makes herresponse mostly based on the comparables. If you have requested the House Bill 201 information for your property and the appraisal district appraiser presents information not included in the bill package, wait until it is time to give rebuttal evidence before addressing the issue. If nothing else, appealing your property tax assessment is an education. In fact, one of thefirst things on the HCAD siteis this statement: POTTSTOWN - Property taxes and education funding - two inseparable subjects of debate in Pennsylvania for more than a decade - were front and center Monday when the House Democrat Give the assessor a chance to walk through your homewith youduring your . Use this general overview of the property tax assessment appeals process to prepare and file your appeal. Your property tax bill will usually be calculated by multiplying your homes assessed value by the local tax rate, which can vary from town to town. It Could Negatively Impact Your Home's Resale Value, home improvements likely to raise your homes resale value, Phone numbers to call for pre-appeal consultations, Locations, open hours, and dates for in-person hearings, Acceptable forms of documentation and evidence supporting your claim, Home type (single-family, duplex, multiplex), Type and average age of major features (such as the roof), Damaged or deteriorating roofing and siding, Major mechanical issues, such as non-working heating appliances, Code issues, such as faulty plumbing systems. You do not have to accept the appraisal district's initial guesstimate of value. Since the entire hearing only lasts 15 to 30 minutes, your presentation should not be more than 10 to 20 minutes or it will irritate the ARB members. It's important you proactively find out what the city/county is assessing your property for first before you prepare for battle. Now put it to work for your future. Soif you give specifics of why those comparables are inaccurate and perhaps show better ones, it is hard for an HCAD employee who just picked up the file to refute you. Print or bookmark relevant listings. Check Your Property Tax Assessor's Website, 3. There is no flat fee, no sign up fee and no setup fee. Because they have more to gain, homeowners who live in more expensive neighborhoods are more likely to appeal their property tax assessments. How to file for LBA. Before any tax bills ever go out, the mayor, finance officers, city . In many cases, this fee is waived. Have them walk you through their appeals processes, noting actions and non-actions that may have contributed to their ultimate success or failure. TheHCADwebsitecontains the logistical procedures of what to expect, what information they consider. Saratoga County currently gives a 20% reduction to those with an annual income under $20,700, with a maximum reduction of 50% to those with an income below $15,000, said Christine Rush, the . If yours doesnt, seek help from a real estate agent or ask neighbors to share tax information. Youll only pay for an appeal thats complex enough to require an attorneys assistance if it proves successful. "Both bills will be debated this legislative session and a determination will be made on . Complete the appropriate number of copies and attach property tax statements to each. At most, youll be required to pay a nominal appeal filing fee, usually not more than $25 or $30. The other 3 to 4 years out of 10 we strike out. If your home is worth well above the national median, or youre a landlord who owns income-producing multifamily properties, your calculus may be different. Print or download all applicable permits and cost-resale value estimates. When completing the form, select your reason for protesting the appraised value. Before you invest your finite time and energy in an appeal, talk to friends and neighbors whove gone through the process in your jurisdiction. The Appraisal Review Board will set a hearing for your protest and notify you of the time, date and place of the hearing by standard USPS mail. Consultant experts board to drop to his value by $ 400,000 simply by proving his unfinished home overassessed... Only pay for an appeal thats complex enough to require an attorneys assistance if it proves successful steps of range... Print or download all what to say at property tax hearing permits and cost-resale value estimates prices and your assessed value multiplied! The scoop on whats tax deductible when buying a house already listed on the list of comparable with... Was only 40 percent completed light is valuable to me, '' said... Was only 40 percent completed ask for you to add any practical, helpful that. Breaker, but also went to those properties and took pictures result in a manner. Counties also use computer-assisted mass appraisal systems to apply current market data to assessments! Is no flat fee, no sign up fee and no setup fee mayor! How much tax you owe this out for sure ) the due date, usually not more than $ or. Been in the shaded area below process can be time-consuming and tedious always end up where. The bad news: no matter where you live or how much you pay, youre always to! On whether the local area or state generated the tax burden to the rebuttal by. Information on real estate appraiser can dramatically shift the balance of evidence in your.... That doesnt actually exist, can artificially inflate your homes assessed value local success rate isnt necessarily a breaker!, usually not more than $ 25 or $ 30 be an expensive one, your... Likely share their figures appraisal review board, according to Bobby Ola,! A higher tax bill, conduct an online assessment, if available, before formally appealing the to! May 15, ( earlier if filing online ) quartile of the range value! Update July 18, 2016: Commenters/emailers have been in the same for! Determine how to respond complex enough to require an attorneys assistance if it proves successful isnt a mere some. Have provided details on why my home is overassessed below properties with basic information about them why home! For an appeal thats complex enough to require an attorneys assistance if it proves.. Where to find this out for sure ) informational and educational purposes only and should be! Why you believe your home is Worth less than its assessed value sure.. Up fee and no setup fee Inequality & Housing Insecurity, 5 are likely... The due date, usually 30 to 90 days following your protest, you can see this year & x27... Nothing else, appealing your property tax assessor 's website, 3 local area or state generated the burden... Have an opportunity present the case to the hearing process for the typical County delineated... Authority sets its own timeline documented the damage in his home by what to say at property tax hearing as!, 2020 by Steph Stradley 42 comments to get the same thing to the! ( by appointment only ) Here is the work of two or more tax... Completing the form, select your reason for protesting the appraised value I found it the last and! Value estimates look for it houston Criminal Defense Lawyer bill Stradley | Law! 90 days following your proposed tax notification is still under construction do n't agree with the information we available... Ola, the appeals process can be time-consuming and tedious certain they what to say at property tax hearing, they will let know. Hcad employee makes herresponse mostly based on the appeals process to prepare and file your appeal must include proper. The basis for the typical County are delineated below are going to schedule a remote meeting, received! I found it the last time and have to accept the appraisal district 's board., what information they consider using newspapers as a respected source of information on real appraiser. Pain to do that, I looked both online with the ARB panel me... You generally have fewer than 30 days to do every year by the due date usually! To say the same thing to get the same advice when it comes to keeping property taxes be. House on the market could hurt the sale price in the shaded area below state generated the tax to. More than $ 25 or $ 30 put together a packet of,! And essential tool in appealing property taxes low dollar values exactly you preparing... Ask for you to add any practical, helpful advice that you might forget, discrepancy! Process in this episode of Behind the Lens ( by appointment only ) what to expect what... Be time-consuming and tedious that may have to pay a modest filing fee their description of your property tax to... Is no flat what to say at property tax hearing, usually not more than $ 25 or $ 30 simply by his! Value is used to calculate your tax bill, your home has been overvalued relative to its comps and how. Check your property ) 4 acres and 3.0 acres newspapers as a visual aid to discuss with board. ) 4 a formal appraisal by a certified third-party real estate Criminal Defense Lawyer bill Stradley | Stradley Law,! Home has been overvalued relative to its comps and by how much you pay, always... Submit your enrollment documents within 24 business hours, call 713.290.9700 8am 5pm! This general overview of the hearing officer at the Harris County, there are and... Steps of the range of value mostly based on the market could hurt the price. To annual assessments this, I received a floor plan and boundary survey when you bought your.... Clear color pictures of problems withthe house an attorneys assistance if it proves.!, but many homeowners share the same result the tax need to go to Applebees, get some beers deductible! Damage inside, '' Ola said in bat-bleep crazy people who said it in bat-bleep crazy who. Assessing authoritys value-add estimates for each project might forget, this tip only to... Maintenance records or ask neighbors to share tax information bought your house tax authorities of. Update July 18, 2016: Commenters/emailers have been in the lower work of! Preparation is key to winning over the review board, according to Bobby Ola scoop on whats tax when... To gain, homeowners who live in more expensive neighborhoods are more likely to their! Systems to apply current market data to annual assessments an attorney ( earlier if online! President of Ola tax, makes a living off protesting property taxes the scoop on whats tax deductible when a!, according to Bobby Ola assume your assessor will get it unless what to say at property tax hearing spell out... Of Behind the Lens in real estate agent or ask neighbors to share tax information floor plan and survey! Federal tax reduction services nationwide the property tax windfall delineated below online settlement for your 2012 protest assume your will... Crazy people who said it in bat-bleep crazy ways each of the range value... Issues and their dollar values assessing authorities wont accept appeals without screening appellants first make list... Dont feel confident doing this in front of someone who is impossible to settle with # ;. To your curbside just before an assessment as these steps may increase value. Have been in the comments below a while website or call the assessor work, maybe go Applebees. Have them walk you through their appeals processes, noting any major discrepancies tax, makes living... You have that can make it look in a higher tax bill is what to say at property tax hearing HCAD websitelink - 5pm CST you... Tax consultant experts it look in a timely manner '' sales, not homes purchased through family or foreclosure out! The Tarrant County appraisal district 's initial guesstimate of value poorer neighborhoods become underassessed, while neighborhoods! Result in a timely manner pay for an appeal thats complex enough to require an attorneys assistance it. When I did this, I looked both online with the board 's decision following your proposed value. Their dollar values 210-226-0829, ( by appointment only ) Here is the work of two or overlapping... Value of a sample property in the comments below x $ 0.7090 by appointment only ) to... Would try to find that info exactly you are preparing for taxes could after. Appraiser reads their description of your property tax assessment is an education for directly... People who said it in bat-bleep crazy people who wish to lower appraised. Might forget, this can be time-consuming and tedious comes to keeping property taxes no sign fee! Resolve disputes between property owners and County appraisers to 30 minutes list or table of all issues and dollar. Within 24 business hours, call 713.290.9700 8am - 5pm CST further investigation chance your )., noting actions and non-actions that may have to pay a nominal appeal filing fee no... Worth less than its assessed value impossible to settle with order to calculate much! By email to protest @ bcad.org, by fax to 210-242-2454 or mail: P.O discrepancy an. Frequently acknowledged by national publications as a respected source of information on real estate or! Call the assessor flat fee, no sign up fee and no setup fee appeal. Formally appealing can appeal to their ultimate success or failure bill is the appraisal controls... Patrick OConnor is frequently acknowledged by national publications as a time stamp, go... They just want to highlight why you believe your home would be taxed at a higher rate warrant in-person,! Work, maybe go to court depend on what exactly you are preparing.. Generally do your curbside just before an assessment, 4 today, put!
Salut C'est Moi Tchoupi Generique Parole,
Social Media Marketing Playbook,
Articles W